Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding eye disease that affects premature babies, particularly those born before 31 weeks or weighing less than 1,500 grams. It occurs due to abnormal blood vessel development in the retina, which can lead to complications such as retinal detachment and vision loss. ROP is classified into five stages, with mild cases often resolving on their own, while severe cases require treatment such as laser therapy, cryotherapy, or anti-VEGF injections.
In sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, ROP statistics are scarce due to limited resources as poor healthcare lead to deaths of most premature babies, underreporting, and inadequate neonatal screening programs. However, with improvements in neonatal care, the survival rate of premature babies is increasing, making ROP a growing concern. Studies show that around 25-30% of blindness in premature Nigerian children is linked to ROP.
Parents must ensure their premature babies are screened for ROP within 4-6 weeks after birth, as early detection is key to preventing severe vision loss. Increased awareness, better neonatal care, and nationwide screening programs are crucial in reducing ROP-related blindness in Africa.
International collaborations and government support are essential in addressing this pressing health issue.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
*A baby is premature when born before 32 weeks gestational age, weight less that 1,500 grams(1.5kg)
*Screening of these babies between 4- 6weeks after birth can save a child from a life of misery due to avoidable blindness.
*Treatment options are available when detected early .
* It isn’t a village people problems
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