Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) has issued a public health advisory warning that several northern states face an increased risk of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) as dry season conditions intensify across parts of Nigeria.
Gatekeepers News reports that in a notice shared on its X handle, the agency explained that the disease is a severe infection that affects the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It noted that meningitis is commonly caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.
According to NiMet, the disease spreads mainly through respiratory droplets, particularly in crowded or poorly ventilated environments.
The agency identified Sokoto State, Zamfara State, Kebbi State, Katsina State, Kano State, Jigawa State, Adamawa State, Gombe State, Bauchi State, Yobe State and Borno State as areas at high risk of meningitis outbreaks.
Residents in other parts of the country were also urged to remain vigilant and report suspected symptoms promptly. NiMet categorised Plateau State, Oyo State, Cross River State, Edo State, Ekiti State and Enugu State as low-vigilance areas.
“Stay informed. Follow public health guidance and participate in community awareness campaigns,” the agency said.
“Protect yourself and your community. Early awareness, vaccination, and prompt treatment save lives,” it added.
NiMet noted that while meningitis can progress rapidly and become life-threatening within hours if untreated, early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic treatment significantly improve survival and reduce complications.
The agency identified children and young adults, people living in overcrowded environments, individuals exposed to dry and dusty conditions, and those with weakened immune systems as among the most vulnerable groups.
Symptoms to watch for include sudden high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, nausea or vomiting, and sensitivity to light.
“Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent meningitis. Practise good hygiene. Wash hands regularly and avoid sharing personal items like cups or utensils.
“Ensure good ventilation in homes, schools, and public spaces. Seek early medical care. Watch out for symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, vomiting, and sensitivity to light,” the agency stated.
Nigeria has recorded recurring meningitis outbreaks over the years, particularly in northern states located within Africa’s African meningitis belt.
Such outbreaks typically occur during the dry season when hot, dusty weather and overcrowded living conditions increase transmission risks.
In April 2025, Nigeria received more than one million doses of meningococcal conjugate vaccines to respond to an outbreak that had already recorded over 800 cases and more than 70 deaths across several states.
The vaccination campaign targeted people aged one to 29, the group most affected by the disease.
Health authorities say sustained vaccination efforts, improved disease surveillance and early medical treatment remain essential to reducing fatalities and preventing future outbreaks.
